The terms included china paying the british an indemnity and ceding the territory of hong kong, while british merchants were allowed greater trade opportunities. The taiping conquered the city of nanjing in 1853 becomes their capital. It means the britons were allowed to trade with anyone they wished at these five ports and hong kong. Primary source document with questions dbqs excerpts from the treaty of nanjing, august 1842 introduction following chinas defeat by the british in the opium war of 18391842, the following conditions were imposed on the chinese government by the british in a treaty signed in the city of nanjing nanking. The treaty of nanjing was signed on august 29, 1842 to mark the end of the first opium war 183942 between the united kingdom of great britain and ireland and the qing dynasty of china. This treaty forced china to open up and trade with britain. Ii the ports of canton, amoy, fuchau, ningpo, and shangai to be opened to british trade and residence, and trade conducted according to a wellunderstood tariff. The treaty of nanking nanjing was a peace treaty which put an end to the first opium war between the united kingdom and the qing dynasty of china on 29 august 1842. The first of chinas unequal treaties cultural china august 30, 2011 the treaty of nanking or treaty of nanjing, signed 29 august 1842, was the unequal treaty which marked the end of the first opium war between the british and qing empires of 1839a42.
Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing1, august 29, 1842 in both opium wars, the chinese military fought with matchlock muskets, bows and arrows, and even spears. In 1853, matthew perry an american sailed to japan. Treaty of nanking nanjing, 29 august 1842 article i. Handover in hong kong final stanford graduate school of. Search the history of over 424 billion web pages on the internet. Nov 22, 2014 the treaty of nanjing has been seen as humiliation to china and it is a less popular subject for discussion in chinese historical literature.
The treaty of versailles was the most important of the peace treaties that ended world war i. The colonization of hong kong started from the opium war that the hong kong island and kowloon had been ceded to uk in perpetuity. The treaty of nanking is a historical event and should go under that name per wikipedia manual of style. The japanese saw the american ships and weapons and agreed to. Hong kong and the treaty of nanking in 1842 1949 words. The treaty of tientsin, now also known as the treaty of tianjin, is a collective name for several documents signed at tianjin then romanized as tientsin in june 1858. On the contrary, there are a handful of british accounts on the treaty remain in circulation. Get an answer for how did the treaty of nanjing affect china. This project was sponsored by the japan icu foundation. In spite of being surrounded by the qing armies, they stayed. Oct 22, 2016 an analysis of the treaty of nanjing 1. The treaty had been signed between china and the great britain. Nov 30, 2015 nanking japan gained important commercial and economic advantages in china while conceding abolition of extra territoriality and japanese concessions, according to the provisions of the treaty signed here today nov. Treaty of nanjing, treaty august 29, 1842 that ended the first opium war, the first of the unequal treaties between china and foreign imperialist powers.
The war ended with the treaty of nanjing being signed on august 29th, 1842. Treaty of nanking treaty of nanking china is not changing. What is the historical significance of the treaty of nanking. There was a demand in britain and europe in the 19th century for products from china, in particular tea, porcelain and silk. The treaty of nanjing was an important milestone in both western and chinese history. The first of chinas unequal treaties realclearhistory. Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between china and great britain treaty of nanking.
Whereas a treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between her majesty the queen of the united kingdom of great britain and ireland and his majesty the emperor of china was concluded at nanking and signed on board her said majestys ship cornwallis on the 29th day of august a. The great railway disaster at norwich from the illustrated london news, 1842. The treaty of nanking1 was an agreement between great britain and the emperor of china which brokered both a trade agreement and a cessation of hostilities. Nobuyuki abe, japanese ambassador, and wang chingwei, head of the nanking regime sponsored by japan. The treaty of nanking, signed between great britain and china to end the first opium war 18391842, created a new framework for chinese foreign relations and overseas trade that would last for nearly a century. The ports of canton, amoy, fuchau, ningpo, and shangai to be opened to british trade and residence, and trade conducted according to a wellunderstood tariff. United nations convention on international settlement agreements resulting from mediation with the deposit with the secretarygeneral on 12 march 2020 of the third instrument of ratification, the united nations convention on international settlement agreements resulting from mediation, also known as the singapore convention on mediation, shall enter into force on 12 september 2020. Treaty of nanjing 1842, ended opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, not china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under their own laws. Treaty of nanking the treaty of nanking 1842 ended the first opium war between britain and china.
The terms included china paying the british an indemnity and ceding the territory of hong kong, while british. The victorious british imposed the onesided treaty of nanking on china. Imperialisminjapan japan had also remained closed to trade with the outside world because they were selfsufficient. Chinese imperialism opium wars and treaty of nanking reading and questions. Treaty of nanking china is not changing with the world around it, and thats okay back then. What do think the effect of this treaty will be on the people of china. They ended the first phase of the second opium war, which had begun in 1856. Her majesty the queen of the united kingdom of great britain and ireland, and his majesty the emperor of china, being desirous of putting an end to the.
Whereas a treaty between us and our good brother the emperor of china, was concluded and signed, in the english and chinese languages, on board our ship the cornwallis, at nanking, on the twentyninth day of august, in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and fortytwo, by the plenipotentiaries of us and of our said good brother. The unequal treaty forces china to pay large sums of money to great britain and also guarantees britain extraterritoriality, meaning that any british citizen in china is subject only to british, not chinese, laws. This agreement is significant as being the first of the unequal treaties treaties in which one country had to do much more than the other and in heavily weakening the power and independence of the qing dynasty. Readings in the history of china from the opium war to the present, by j. Jan 10, 2014 the treaty of nanking was an agreement between china and england after the first opium war. China and forced them to sign the treaty of nanking. This website and webquest is for educational, inclass purposes only. The treaty ended the first opium war and made the island a perpetual possession of britain for use as a port. All materials were scanned from holdings at the yale divinity library special collections.
Treaty of nanjing was the first of four treaties that were signed with china by the western nations, ending formal hostilities. Treaty of nanking wikisource, the free online library. The treaty of nanjing has been seen as humiliation to china and it is a less popular subject for discussion in chinese historical literature. Treaty of nanjing nanking, 1842 ratifications exchanged at hongkong, 26th june 1843.
The first opium war after the failure of the macartney mission in 1793, the british continued to trade with china through the canton system, a system which was causing the british increasing angst. The qing, russian, and second french empires, the great britain, and the united states were the parties involved. The guns, which protected forts and towns, were set in place, unable to swivel as circumstances required. After chinas defeat in the first opium war of 18391842, with the british fleet anchored offshore of the city of nanjing or nanking, they had no choice but to accept the treaty or the city would have been destroyed by british heavy guns. Derek wood journal of imperial and commonwealth history, may 1996, vol. Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing, august 1842 introduction following chinas defeat by the british in the opium war of 18391842, the following conditions were imposed on the chinese government by the british in a treaty signed in the city of nanjing nanking. Excerpts from the treaty of nanjing, august 1842 introduction. Pdf translations of early sinobritish treaties and the. Canton systemestablished in 1756method for qing to control foreign trade in china.
Treaty of nanking, a 1842 humiliating capitulation of china to great britain including the cession of hong kong 1873 1847 treaty of erezum between persia and turkey, demarcating their shared border. Nanjing, alternatively romanized as nanking and nankin, is the capital of jiangsu of the peoples republic of china and the second largest city in the east china region, with 11 districts,an administrative area of 6,600 km 2 2,500 sq mi and a total population of 8,505,500 as of 2019. The treaty of nanking nanjing, proposed in 1842 and ratified in 1843, marked the conclusion of the conflict between great britain and qing china commonly known as the 1st opium war 18391842. The treaty of nanking 1842 dylan symington sawyer symington. The convention of peking, signed in 1860, ended the second opium war and ceded in perpetuity to the british the land forming the peninsula immediately across from hong kong island, known as kowloon. Treaty of the bogue wikisource, the free online library. Captain charles elliot, as superintendant of the british trade mission to china, had an important meeting with the chinese. The treaty of nanking was a significant milestone in the study of empires in asia for a variety of reasons. The treaty of nanking was signed 170 years ago and, although its anniversary wont be marked by many, its legacy remains highly charged in the postcolonial era. This lesson explains the history behind the treaty of. Dec 30, 2019 whereas a treaty between us and our good brother the emperor of china, was concluded and signed, in the english and chinese languages, on board our ship the cornwallis, at nanking, on the twenty ninth day of august, in the year of our lord one thousand eight hundred and forty two, by the plenipotentiaries of us and of our said good brother. Jun 05, 2011 the british empire was the sole beneficiary of the treaty, and the result was a terrible humiliation for china. There shall henceforward be peace and friendship between her majesty the queen of the united kingdom of great britain and ireland, and his majesty the emperor of china, and between their respective subjects, who shall.
Reason for treaty the treaty was between great britain and the qing dynasty of china to resolve the first opium war. One way in which the treaty of nanking and the treaty of. Treaty of nanking 1842 which ended the first opium war, china opened additional ports of trade. Reason for treaty the treaty was between great britain and the qing dynasty of china to resolve the. One way in which the treaty of nanking and the treaty of versailles are similar is that in both reparations to be paid be defeated countries. The treaty of nanking marked one of the influential agreements that were ever made in china and it took place in the year 1842. Sir henry pottinger and high commissioners keying and elepoo, the respective plenipotentiaries of queen victoria and. The guns, which protected forts and towns, were set in place, unable to swivel as. Treaty of perpetual peace and friendship between china. The article began as treaty of nanking but was moved to treaty of nanjing by user. Whereas a treaty between us and our good brother the emperor of china, was concluded and signed, in the english and chinese languages, on board our ship the cornwallis, at nanking, on the twenty ninth day of august. Some of the major aspects of the treaty include china agreed to open the five ports requested canton, amoy, foochow, ningpo, and shanghai, pay an indemnity of 20 million silver dollars, abolish the cohong monopoly that hitherto had controlled trade in and through. Read document c document c what type of document is this. Apr 30, 2008 since the treaty of nanking was only a brief peace treaty with very general stipulations, the british and chinese representatives agreed that a supplementary treaty be concluded in order to work out more detailed regulations for relations between the two empires.
It was the first of what the chinese later called the unequal treaties. It was the treaty that marked what became the reluctant but sustained qing concession that other states had to be dealt with as equals in status, not just strength. Hong kong was taken controlled by the british government because of the following treaty the treaty of nanking in 1842, the treaty of beijing in 1860 and the convention for the extension of hong kong territory in 1898. Contact the yale divinity library for more information about these documents. Treaties of nanjing and wanghea columbia university. The treaty of nanking is signed 1842, ending the first opium war, chinas first war with great britain. What do you think the effect of this treaty will be on the people of china. Treaty of nanking courage to talk for the next era. Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. The treaty ended the state of war between germany and the allied powers. The treaty of nanking nanjing was a peace treaty which ended the first opium war 18391842 between the united kingdom and china on 29 august 1842. The treaty ceded the island of hong kong and opened five ports, canton, xiamen, foochou, ningpo and shanghai to the british. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the.
It was the first of the unequal treaties against the chinese, labeled as such because britain had no obligations in return. The treaty of nanking nanking, august 29, 1842 peace treaty between the queen of great britain and the emperor of china. The chinese also had to pay 21 million silver dollars in compensation, and ceded the island of hong kong in perpetuity to britain. At the time the parties signing were the emperor of china and her majesty the queen of great britain. As if these assaults on chinas sovereignty were not enough, two years later, the treaty of wanghea, signed by the united states and china, provided additional humiliation to a china humbled by their loss. Media in category treaty of nanking the following 9 files are in this category, out of 9 total. It forced the chinese to open up more to trade with other countries, and to significantly lower tariffs. The treaty of nanking was an agreement between china and england after the first opium war. Victoria, by the grace of god, queen of the united kingdom of great britain and ireland, defender of the faith, etc. Document excerpts with questions from changing china. Teaty of nanjing singed after the the opium war between britain and china. Rating the scaffold openended questions 1 follow a similar procedure for training raters. Treaty of nanjing 1842, ended opium war, said the western nations would determine who would trade with china, not china, so it set up the unequal treaty system which allowed western nations to own a part of chinese territory and conduct trading business in china under.
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